Purpose
The researcher is interested to know the factors affecting a certain aspect of the behavior of the social actor placed in contact with a reality. It is using an interpretative model where the focus is on the processes that develop within the actors (here, one is interested in the meanings that the actor assigned to its environment as well as to these interpretations). Because of this, seek to understand, seek to describe, explore a new area, evaluate the performance of a person, go to the discovery of the other, assess an action, a project are representations whose success remains tied, in part, to the quality of the qualitative research on which they are based.
To detect the needs.
Example : I am informed of the state of health of someone.
To install a choice, take a decision.
Example : I am looking for information to determine if a material is acquired by my students
To improve a functioning, performance.
Example : I search for the information in an attempt to improve the communication in my business
To identify a phenomenon.
Example : I search for the information to make the point on the progression of a disease in such
countries.
To also test scientific hypotheses : This qualitative research is conducted by means of methods
Methods
The methods of qualitative research the most used are:
- the interview
- the observation and
- the history of life
The interview
Blanchet distinguished on the one hand the general level of the interview and on the other hand the level of "oral questionnaires" and "discussions of research" as elements of a subset of the broad set of interviews. For Labov and Fanshel, the interview is a speech-event in which a person has extracted a information of a person B, information which was contained in the biography of B.
The different types of interviews are:The observation
the interview free: or the investigator shall refrain from asking questions aimed at reorienting the maintenance.
The interview headed: the person interviewed responds to the questions prepared and planned in an order determined.
The interview semi-directed or the interviewer provides a few questions to ask as a point of reference.
The interview may not be an individual, it may also be of group (ex: the focus group discussing) and the purposes referred can be very diverse.
For Ketele, "observe is a process including voluntary attention and the intelligence, guided by
an objective device or organizer and headed on an object to gather information ". The view is therefore one of the five (5) meaning the more often sought in a process of observation but the other can be highlighted (ex: the smell for the observation technique in botany). In the scientific research, the observation is therefore designed in function of a theoretical framework of reference. What makes the specificity of the observation by report to the interview is the object of the exercise. The interview is an act of communication to enable rollback (case of the anamnesis) and projections in the future and the observation is an act in one direction (except in the case of the participatory observation) and door on a current situation.
The history of life
Collections of history of life have been a revival of interest in the social sciences from the years 70. It can be defined according to Chalifoux (1992) as a story that recounts the life experience of a person. It is in fact a personal and autobiographical .
It is used in:
- Cultural studies (symbolic dimensions of the life of social groups, such as the conceptions of the world, the ideologies, the knowledge, the mental patterns)
- Social studies (on the institutions, groups, reports and social networks of group)
- The studies of socialization process (modes of integration, regulation and of participation within social units various) and of inculturation (learning process of various aspects of the culture).
- The techniques and methods of collection of the history of life are now focusing around the collection of story (long narratives centers on the evolution of a character, documents which complement, letters, photographs, extracts from personal journal etc.).
These different methods assume that the qualitative research is conducted with a certain scientific rigor.
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Tagged @ Qualitative Research
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